PEDAGOGY-TEACHER EDUCATION

What Is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. Needs lower down in the hierarchy must be satisfied before individuals can attend to needs higher up. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Behaviour leading to self-actualization: • (a) Experiencing life like a child, with full absorption and concentration; • (b) Trying new things instead of sticking to safe paths; • (c) Listening to your own feelings in evaluating experiences instead of the voice of tradition, authority or the majority; • (d) Avoiding pretense ('game playing') and being honest; • (e) Being prepared to be unpopular if your views do not coincide with those of the majority; • (f) Taking responsibility and working hard; • (g) Tryi...

In the field of psychology,  cognitive dissonance  occurs when a person holds two or more contradictory  beliefs ,  ideas , or  values , or participates in an action that goes against one of these three, and experiences  psychological stress  because of that. When two actions or ideas are not psychologically consistent with each other, people will do all in their power to change them until they become consistent. [1]  The discomfort is triggered by the person's belief clashing with new evidence ( facts ) perceived, wherein they will try to find a way to resolve the contradiction to reduce their discomfort. [2] [1] In  A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance  (1957),  Leon Festinger  proposed that human beings strive for internal psychological consistency to function mentally in the  real world . A person who experiences internal inconsistency tends to become psychologically uncomfortable and is motivated to reduc...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBX7IDuh1bU

This higher-level cognition was given the label metacognition by American developmental psychologist  John H. Flavell  (1976). Metacognition  is " cognition  about cognition", " thinking  about thinking", " knowing  about knowing", becoming "aware of one's  awareness " and higher-order thinking skills.  The term comes from the root word  meta , meaning "beyond", or "on top of". [1]  Metacognition can take many forms; it includes knowledge about when and how to use particular strategies for learning or problem-solving. [1]  There are generally two components of metacognition: (1) knowledge about cognition and (2) regulation of cognition. [2] Metamemory , defined as knowing about memory and  mnemonic  strategies, is an especially important form of metacognition. [3]  Academic research on metacognitive processing across cultures is in the early stages, but there are indications that further work may provide bet...

96.  The study of the physical, social and mental aspects of aging is called (A) Esthetics (B) Genetics (C) Gerontology (D) Clinical psychology 97.  As people gets older, the ability of applying or maintain attention (A) increases (B) decreases (C) stays constant (D) remains unaffected 98.  The brain __________ as people gets older. (A) shrinks (B) expands (C) stays constant (D) remains unaffected 99.  There is __________ in working memory as people gets older. (A) upgradation (B) degradation (C) no change (D) a slight change 100.  According to the philosophy of Idealism in education, the subject matter of curriculum should be (A) mathematics (B) science (C) physical world (D) mind ANSWERS: EDUCATION PSYCHOLOGY QUIZZES 96. C 97. B 98. A 99. B 100. D

91.  For an effective teaching, the teacher must be a subject matter expert that includes I.  command over the subject II.  the ability to convey knowledge III.  the ability to apply ideas from one discipline to another (A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only (D) I, II and III 92.  The satiation technique of classroom management is a technique where instead of punishing negative behaviors, the teacher might decide to actually __________ the negative behavior. (A) encourage (B) discourage (C) ignore (D) divert 93.  The extinction technique of classroom management is a technique where teacher __________ any negative behavior. (A) divert (B) ignore (C) encourage (D) discourage 94.  The use of a physical punishment for class management is called (A) extinction technique (B) satiation technique (C) time out technique (D) corporal punishment 95.  The technique of classroom management where the teacher punishes negative behaviors by removi...

86.  According to the law of effect, if a stimulus results in a negative outcome, the S-R bond is (A) strengthened (B) weakened (C) stabilized (D) unsterilized 87.  According to the __________, the more you do something, the better you are at it. (A) law of effect (B) law of exercise (C) law of readiness (D) law of connectionism 88.  According to the __________, S-R bonds are stronger if an individual is ready to learn. (A) law of effect (B) law of exercise (C) law of readiness (D) law of connectionism 89.  The __________ says, we are motivated to gain rewards and avoid punishments. (A) law of effect (B) law of exercise (C) law of readiness (D) law of connectionism 90.  The Law of Effect can be effectively used in (A) accelerate learning (B) curriculum development (C) classroom management (D) teaching methods ANSWERS: EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY MCQS 86. B 87. B 88. C 89. A 90. C