PEDAGOGY-TEACHER EDUCATION

What Is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. Needs lower down in the hierarchy must be satisfied before individuals can attend to needs higher up. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Behaviour leading to self-actualization: • (a) Experiencing life like a child, with full absorption and concentration; • (b) Trying new things instead of sticking to safe paths; • (c) Listening to your own feelings in evaluating experiences instead of the voice of tradition, authority or the majority; • (d) Avoiding pretense ('game playing') and being honest; • (e) Being prepared to be unpopular if your views do not coincide with those of the majority; • (f) Taking responsibility and working hard; • (g) Tryi

In the field of psychology,  cognitive dissonance  occurs when a person holds two or more contradictory  beliefs ,  ideas , or  values , or participates in an action that goes against one of these three, and experiences  psychological stress  because of that. When two actions or ideas are not psychologically consistent with each other, people will do all in their power to change them until they become consistent. [1]  The discomfort is triggered by the person's belief clashing with new evidence ( facts ) perceived, wherein they will try to find a way to resolve the contradiction to reduce their discomfort. [2] [1] In  A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance  (1957),  Leon Festinger  proposed that human beings strive for internal psychological consistency to function mentally in the  real world . A person who experiences internal inconsistency tends to become psychologically uncomfortable and is motivated to reduce the cognitive dissonance. They tend to make changes to jus