PEDAGOGY-TEACHER EDUCATION

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This higher-level cognition was given the label metacognition by American developmental psychologist  John H. Flavell  (1976). Metacognition  is " cognition  about cognition", " thinking  about thinking", " knowing  about knowing", becoming "aware of one's  awareness " and higher-order thinking skills.  The term comes from the root word  meta , meaning "beyond", or "on top of". [1]  Metacognition can take many forms; it includes knowledge about when and how to use particular strategies for learning or problem-solving. [1]  There are generally two components of metacognition: (1) knowledge about cognition and (2) regulation of cognition. [2] Metamemory , defined as knowing about memory and  mnemonic  strategies, is an especially important form of metacognition. [3]  Academic research on metacognitive processing across cultures is in the early stages, but there are indications that further work may provide better o

96.  The study of the physical, social and mental aspects of aging is called (A) Esthetics (B) Genetics (C) Gerontology (D) Clinical psychology 97.  As people gets older, the ability of applying or maintain attention (A) increases (B) decreases (C) stays constant (D) remains unaffected 98.  The brain __________ as people gets older. (A) shrinks (B) expands (C) stays constant (D) remains unaffected 99.  There is __________ in working memory as people gets older. (A) upgradation (B) degradation (C) no change (D) a slight change 100.  According to the philosophy of Idealism in education, the subject matter of curriculum should be (A) mathematics (B) science (C) physical world (D) mind ANSWERS: EDUCATION PSYCHOLOGY QUIZZES 96. C 97. B 98. A 99. B 100. D

91.  For an effective teaching, the teacher must be a subject matter expert that includes I.  command over the subject II.  the ability to convey knowledge III.  the ability to apply ideas from one discipline to another (A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only (D) I, II and III 92.  The satiation technique of classroom management is a technique where instead of punishing negative behaviors, the teacher might decide to actually __________ the negative behavior. (A) encourage (B) discourage (C) ignore (D) divert 93.  The extinction technique of classroom management is a technique where teacher __________ any negative behavior. (A) divert (B) ignore (C) encourage (D) discourage 94.  The use of a physical punishment for class management is called (A) extinction technique (B) satiation technique (C) time out technique (D) corporal punishment 95.  The technique of classroom management where the teacher punishes negative behaviors by removing an unruly student from the rest of t

86.  According to the law of effect, if a stimulus results in a negative outcome, the S-R bond is (A) strengthened (B) weakened (C) stabilized (D) unsterilized 87.  According to the __________, the more you do something, the better you are at it. (A) law of effect (B) law of exercise (C) law of readiness (D) law of connectionism 88.  According to the __________, S-R bonds are stronger if an individual is ready to learn. (A) law of effect (B) law of exercise (C) law of readiness (D) law of connectionism 89.  The __________ says, we are motivated to gain rewards and avoid punishments. (A) law of effect (B) law of exercise (C) law of readiness (D) law of connectionism 90.  The Law of Effect can be effectively used in (A) accelerate learning (B) curriculum development (C) classroom management (D) teaching methods ANSWERS: EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY MCQS 86. B 87. B 88. C 89. A 90. C

81.  The connection between stimulus and response is called (A) stimulus-response bond (B) receiving-accepting bond (C) stimulus-response paradigm (D) receiving-accepting paradigm 82.  The __________ the stimulus-response bond (S-R bond), the better a person has learned the lesson. (A) stable (B) unstable (C) stronger (D) weaker 83.  There are __________ laws of connectionism. (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 84.  The three laws of connectionism are the laws of (A) effect, stimulus and response (B) stimulus, response and exercise (C) exercise, readiness and response (D) effect, exercise and readiness 85.  According to the law of effect, if a stimulus results in a positive outcome, the S-R bond is (A) strengthened (B) weakened (C) stabilized (D) unsterilized ANSWERS: EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY QUIZZES 81. A 82. C 83. B 84. D 85. A

76.  The philosopher who for the first time taught logic as a formal discipline was (A)  Aristotle (B)  Plato (C)  Socrates (D) Edward Thorndike 77.  The advocators of philosophy of Pragmatism believe that reality is (A) imagination (B) stagnant (C) constantly changing (D) related to mind 78.  The psychologist who for the first time proposed the concept of connectionism in learning was (A) Aristotle (B) Plato (C) Robert Sternberg (D) Edward Thorndike 79.  According to Edward Thorndike, learning is about responding to (A) analysis (B) change (C) experiment (D) stimuli 80.  Anything that causes a reaction is called (A) learning (B) stimulus (C) connectionism (D) physical objects ANSWERS: EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY QUIZ 76. A 77. C 78. D 79. D 80. B

71.  The branch of philosophy focuses on the nature of reality is (A) Connectionism (B) Epistemology (C) Metaphysics (D) Pedagogy 72.  Idealism is a philosophical approach that argues that __________are the only true reality, and the only thing worth knowing. (A) ideas (B) experiences (C) observations (D) physical objects 73.  Realism is a philosophical approach that argues that ultimate reality is the world of (A) ideas (B) experiences (C) observations (D) physical objects 74.  Who is called the father of both Realism and the scientific method? (A) Aristotle (B) Plato (C) Socrates (D) Edward Thorndike 75.  The philosopher who is called the father of Idealism is (A)  Aristotle (B)  Plato (C)  Socrates (D) Edward Thorndike ANSWERS: THEORY OF EDUCATION QUIZZES 71. C 72. A 73. D 74. A 75. B

66.  According to Robert Sternberg, the three different types of required intelligence for creativity are (A) synthetic, analytical, and practical (B) analytical, observational and practical (C) analytical, critical and practical (D) abstract, synthetic and analytical 67.  A common technique to help people begin the creative process is (A) calculations (B) brain storming (C) thoroughness (D) mental shortcuts 68.  According to  Plato , the highest goal in all of education is knowledge of the (A) science (B) mathematics (C) philosophy (D) good 69.   Plato  argued that __________ are fit to rule. (A) educationists and philosophers (B) only educationists (C) only philosophers (D) only psychologists 70.  The book “A Brief History of Time” is written by (A)  Aristotle (B)  John Dewey (C) Robert Sternberg (D) Stephen Hawking ANSWERS: THEORY OF EDUCATION MCQS 66. A 67. B 68. D 69. C 70. D

61.  The new curriculum should be introduced (A) abruptly (B) continuously (C) gradually (D) relatively 62.  Evaluation of the process of curriculum development should be made (A) abruptly (B) continuously (C) gradually (D) relatively 63.  Curriculum revision should be a/an __________ process. (A) abrupt (B) continuous (C) gradual (D) relative 64.  The term heuristic means __________ in decision making. (A) brain storming (B) calculations (C) thoroughness (D) mental shortcuts 65.  Robert Sternberg, a famous psychologist, argued that creativity requires __________ different types of intelligence. (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 ANSWERS: THEORY OF EDUCATION QUIZ 61. C 62. B 63. B 64. D 65. A

56.  A normal human being has __________ senses. (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 57.  Which from the following is NOT among the five senses? (A) vision (B) touch (C) smell (D) thought 58.  The application of ideas, knowledge and skills to achieve the desired results is called (A) problem solving (B) critical thinking (C) reasoned arguments (D) deductive method 59.  According to  Socrates  of Meno, virtue is (A) teachable (B) unteachable (C) reachable (D) unreachable 60.  The curriculum of educational institutes should be based on (A) theory (B) practice (C) theory and practice (D) theory, practice and research ANSWERS: EDUCATION MCQS 56. B 57. D 58. A 59. B 60. C

51.  The concept of perennialism in education means school curricula should focus on what is (A) important (B) everlasting (C) in demand (D) in need 52.  According to  John Dewey , children should experience __________in school to make them better citizens. (A) rules (B) discipline (C) democracy (D) practical implementation 53.  Progressivism believes that education comes from the experience of the (A) child (B) teacher (C) principal (D) society 54.  The idea of teaching the whole child in the “ philosophy of pragmatism in education ” means teaching students to be good (A) learners (B) thinkers (C) scientists (D) citizens 55.  Progressivism believes that children learn in a/an (A) community (B) competition (C) isolation (D) closed environment ANSWERS: EDUCATION QUIZZES  51. B 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. A

46.  The concept of pragmatism in educational philosophy says that education should be about (A) obedience (B) virtue (C) life and growth (D) shaping good citizens 47.  The idea of practical learning means education should apply to the (A) practice (B) society (C) abstract knowledge (D) real world 48.  An aspect of pragmatism is experiential learning, which says, education should come through (A) experience (B) practice (C) knowledge (D) observations 49.  According to  Aristotle , virtue is a/an __________ state between excess and deficiency. (A) natural (B) intermediate (C) real (D) artificial 50.  In case of spending money, the virtue is __________ between wastefulness and stringiness. (A) generosity (B) penury (C) lavishness (D) prodigal ANSWERS: EDUCATION QUIZ 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. A

41.  The philosopher who for the first time mentioned the importance of play (or sports) in education was (A)  Socrates (B)  Plato (C)  Aristotle (D) John Locke 42.  The process of selecting units from a population to estimate characteristics of the population is called (A) analyzing (B) inference (C) research (D) sampling 43.  We calculate average marks of a student in the way as we calculate (A) arithmetic mean (B) geometric mean (C) standard deviation (D) variance 44.  The __________ is a measure of how spreads out points are from the mean. (A) arithmetic mean (B) geometric mean (C) standard deviation (D) variance 45.  The standard deviation is the __________ of the variance. (A) square (B) square root (C) cube (D) cube root ANSWERS: PEDAGOGY MCQS 41. C 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. B

36.  The Waldorf education approach emphasizes a balanced development of (A) head and heart (B) head and hands (C) heart and hands (D) head, heart, and hands 37.   Plato  believed that talent and intelligence are (A) distributed genetically (B) not distributed genetically (C) distributed gender-wise (D) not distributed gender-wise 38.  A priori knowledge is knowledge that is known independently of (A) analysis (B) information (C) experience (D) evidence 39.  A posteriori knowledge is knowledge that is known by (A) analysis (B) information (C) experience (D) evidence 40.  According to John Locke, a child’s mind does not contain any (A) innate ideas (B) memory (C) observation (D) imagination ANSWERS: PEDAGOGY QUIZZES 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. A

31.  The most recent response is most likely to (A) forget (B) compromised (C) reoccur (D) not occur again 32.  Rousseau advocated an educational method which consisted of removing the child from (A) school (B) burden (C) past memory (D) society 33.  Who advocated removing children from their mothers’ care and raising them as wards of the state? (A)  Socrates (B)  Plato (C)  Aristotle (D) John Locke 34.  The famous book “The Republic” was written by (A) Socrates (B) Plato (C) Aristotle (D) John Locke 35.  “ All who have meditated on the art of governing mankind have been convinced that the fate of empires depends on the education of youth. ” This is the saying of (A) Aristotle (B) Socrates (C) Plato (D) John Locke ANSWERS: PEDAGOGY QUIZ 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. A

26.  According to Jean Piaget, children develop abstract logic and reasoning skill during (A) Sensorimotor stage (B) Preoperational stage (C) Concrete operational stage (D) Formal operational stage 27.  Children are usually egocentric during __________ and __________ stages. (A) Sensorimotor, Preoperational (B) Preoperational, Concrete operational (C) Concrete operational, Formal operational (D) Formal operational, Sensorimotor 28.  According to Jean Piaget, children are no longer egocentric when entering (A) Sensorimotor stage (B) Preoperational stage (C) Concrete operational stage (D) Formal operational stage 29.  According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, the Concrete operational stage starts at age (A) 3 (B) 7 (C) 11 (D) 15 30.  According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, the Formal operational stage starts at age (A) 3 (B) 7 (C) 11 (D) 15 ANSWERS: EDUCATION QUIZZES 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C

21.  The more parts of your brain you use, the more likely you are to __________ information. (A) use (B) miss (C) misuse (D) retain 22.  The conclusion of a deductive argument is (A) certain (B) experience (C) observation (D) probable 23.  The truth of the conclusion of an inductive argument is (A) certain (B) experience (C) observation (D) probable 24.  The process of reasoning from one or more given statements to reach a logically certain conclusion is called (A) Deductive Reasoning (B) Inductive Reasoning (C) Qualitative Reasoning (D) Quantitative Reasoning 25.  The reasoning in which the given statements are viewed as supplying strong evidence for the truth of the conclusion is called (A) Deductive Reasoning (B) Inductive Reasoning (C) Qualitative Reasoning (D) Quantitative Reasoning ANSWERS: EDUCATION QUIZ 21. D 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B

16.  According to Rousseau, at what age a person ready to have a companion of the opposite sex? (A) 16 (B) 17 (C) 18 (D) 19 17.  The field of study concerned with the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making is called (A) Education (B) Pedagogy (C) Cognitive Development (D) Epistemology 18.  Jean Piaget proposed __________ stages of Cognitive Development. (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 19.  The more often a particular ability is used the __________ it becomes. (A) more important (B) less important (C) stronger (D) weaker 20.  The longer a particular ability is unused the __________ it becomes. (A) more important (B) less important (C) stronger (D) weaker ANSWERS: PEDAGOGY MCQS 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. D

1. Pedagogy is a Greek word which literally means (A) to lead a child (B) to teach a child (C) learning process (D) teaching process 2. Pedagogy is an ‘approach to teaching’ that refers to the theory and practice of (A) reading (B) studying (C) knowing (D) learning 3. Which from the following should be used in order to increase correct responses and appropriate behavior by students? (A) Praise (B) Reward (C) Ignorance (D) Strictness 4. Which from the following is NOT a formal assessment? (A) Quizzes (B) Project (C) Observation (D) Interview 5. An assessment that is generally carried out at the end of a course to assign students a course grade is called? (A) Diagnostic assessment (B) Formative assessment (C) Contemporary assessment (D) Summative assessment Answers: Featured Pedagogy MCQs 1. (A) to lead a child 2. (D) learning 3. (A) Praise 4. (C) Observation 5. (D) Summative assessment 

11.  Teachers should present information to the students clearly and in interesting way, and relate this new information to the things students (A) don’t know (B) already know (C) willing to know (D) not willing to know 12.  According to John Dewey, school is a __________ institution, and education is a __________ process. (A) social, social (B) social, philosophical (C) philosophical, philosophical (D) environmental, psychological 13.  According to  John Dewey , schools must prepare students for (A) present life (B) future life (C) entrepreneurship (D) research 14.  Responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become __________ to occur again in that situation. (A) not likely (B) equally likely (C) less likely (D) more likely 15.  Responses that produce a discomforting effect become __________ to occur again in that situation. (A) not likely (B) equally likely (C) less likely (D) more likely ANSWERS: PEDAGOGY QUIZZES 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. D 15. C

6.  As people grow older, the __________ of learning declines. (A) speed (B) power (C) quality (D) quantity 7.  Which from the following should be used to increase correct responses and appropriate behavior by students? (A) Praise (B) Reward (C) Ignorance (D) Strictness 8.  Which from the following should be used to decrease minor inappropriate behavior by students? (A) Praise (B) Reward (C) Ignorance (D) Strictness 9.  The book Emile or “On Education” on the nature of education and man is written by (A)  Aristotle (B)  Plato (C)  John Dewey (D) Rousseau 10.  According to Emile, the noblest work in education is to make a/an (A) good citizen (B) reasoning man (C) thinker (D) entrepreneur ANSWERS: PEDAGOGY QUIZ 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B

1.  The word “Pedagogy” means? (A) to understand the child (B) to guide the child (C) to educate the child (D) to lead the child 2.  Pedagogy is the study of? (A) Education (B) Learning Process (C) Teaching Methods (D) Guiding Students 3.  The philosopher who worked in mathematical and scientific didactic was? (A) Jean Piaget (B)  John Dewey (C) Martin Wagenschein (D) Lev Vygotsky 4.  The use of technology to enhance learning process is called __________ in education. (A) IT (B) ICT (C) Information technology (D) Communication technology 5.  A scoring guide use to evaluate the quality of students is called (A) rubrics (B) checklists (C) inventories (D) rating scales ANSWERS: EDUCATION MCQS 1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. A

1. The Psychodynamic Perspective The psychodynamic perspective originated with the work of  Sigmund Freud . This view of psychology and human behavior emphasizes the role of the  unconscious mind , early childhood experiences, and interpersonal relationships to explain human behavior and to treat people suffering from mental illnesses. Psychoanalysis became one of the earliest major forces within psychology thanks to Freud's work and influence. Freud conceived of the mind as being composed of three key elements:  the id, the ego, and the superego . The id is the part of the psyche that includes all the primal and unconscious desires. The ego is the aspect of the psyche that must deal with the demands of the real world. The superego is the last part of the psyche to develop and is tasked with managing all of our internalized morals, standards, and ideals. 2 . The Behavioral Perspective Behavioral psychology is a perspective that focuses on learned behaviors.  Behavioris

What Is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. Needs lower down in the hierarchy must be satisfied before individuals can attend to needs higher up. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Behaviour leading to self-actualization: • (a) Experiencing life like a child, with full absorption and concentration; • (b) Trying new things instead of sticking to safe paths; • (c) Listening to your own feelings in evaluating experiences instead of the voice of tradition, authority or the majority; • (d) Avoiding pretense ('game playing') and being honest; • (e) Being prepared to be unpopular if your views do not coincide with those of the majority; • (f) Taking responsibility and working hard; • (g) Tryi